Char chiles. Heat a comal or dry skillet over medium heat. Place chiles on the comal and toast, turning frequently until they have darkened in color and are fragrant, but aren't burnt. Remove to a bowl.
Char vegetables. Place tomatoes, onion, and garlic cloves on the comal and cook, turning occasionally, until charred on all sides. The garlic will cook sooner than the other vegetables, remove them as they are done cooking.
Blend vegetables. When cool enough to handle, peel the skin off the garlic and place in the blender with the other vegetables. Blend on high until smooth and keep in blender.
Fry peanuts. Heat oil in a large frying pan over medium heat. Add the 1/2 cup peanuts, oregano, chiles, peppercorns, and cloves. Fry, stirring occasionally, until peanuts are toasted and chiles are fragrant. Let cool slightly.
Blend. Add peanut mixture to blender with the tomato mixture along with the lime juice, salt and 1/4 cup of water blend on high until smooth. If the mixture is still too thick, add the remaining 1/4 cup of water. Taste and add more salt as needed.
Serve. Pour into a serving bowl. Top with remaining chopped peanuts and serve with tortilla chips or spoon over roasted pork or chicken.